Japan’s population has fallen to 123.05 million, according to preliminary results from the country’s 2025 national census, marking the third consecutive census to record a decline.
The population decreased by approximately 3.09 million people, or 2.5%, compared with 2020, representing the largest drop since census records began in 1920.
Key developments:
- Population declined from around 126.14 million in 2020 to 123.05 million in 2025.
- Tokyo and Okinawa were the only prefectures to record population growth.
- Hokkaido experienced the largest regional decline, followed by Shizuoka and Hyogo.
- The number of households rose to 57.12 million, while average household size fell to 2.15 people.
The data also shows a continued rise in smaller and single-person households. Tokyo remained Japan’s most populous prefecture, accounting for 11.6% of the national population. The census includes both Japanese citizens and foreign residents living in the country.
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